Adaptive system
A system that can change internal distributions of material to account for change in the environment
Evolvable systems
A system that can learn new functions and eliminate unnecessary ones
Shallow understanding
Involves building abstract models that can be used to predict future behavior of a system without understanding the causal relations between the system’s variables.
Deep understanding
Requires causal models based on relations between macrostates of a dynamic system
Systemese
A universal language that can be used to describe any concrete phenomenon regardless of the substrate's domain
System (informal/qualitative)
An identifiable object/entity, composed of an internally organized set of heterogenous components, each of which can be a subsystem